Mankind has worshipped The Sun and its associated Solar Deities for all of the Earth's recorded history. For the simple reason that The Sun has been around since the dawn of our creation, there have been more Sun Gods and Goddesses created than any others!
According to Roman mythology, Apollo was a most powerful Sun God. He represented the life giving gift of providing heat and light to Earth, as well as governing the arts, philosophy and law, as well as being considered the God of Poetry and Music. Apollo was portrayed with the lyre given to him by Mercury, and his symbol was seen as the egg of creation. It was Augustus Caesar who made Apollo prominent within the Roman Empire. He held Apollo in the highest of the realms of the Gods, and made him his choice of the Gods to worship. He thought that certain other Eastern and Egyptian Gods to be too debauched and impure in their worship. He backed the purity of Apollo's influence many times, and considered Apollo as the controller of the Sun and the destiny of Rome. When he defeated Antony and Cleopatra, he dedicated his victory to the sobriety of Apollo's influence over the decadence of their Gods.
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The Greeks knew of Apollo, but referred to him as the Titan, Helios, in whom they believed carried the Sun across the sky from East to West in his chariot of gold every day. When the Sun had set, it would then sail across the ocean during the night and be ready for Helios to collect and transport it again the next morning. Due to a belief that Apollo was the God of Archery, he would shoot arrows at some people, which the Greeks believed was the cause of certain outbreaks of disease. They turned to praying to Apollo to stop the poison arrows being sent as a way to control such spreading sickness, effectively associating Apollo with the ability to cure major epidemic outbreaks. It was also thought he could pass on the gift of prophecy to certain mortals whom he had a great love for, as was believed with his great love, Cassandra, the Trojan Princess.
In Egypt, they believed in their Sun God, Ra, whom they considered the creator of all things. They believed that Ra created the first man and woman from his tears, who were known as Shu and Tefnut, who became the parents of the Earth and the Sky. Ra was often portrayed in the shape of a human with the head of a falcon. He wore a Sun disc as his headgear and was entwined by a cobra.
The ancient Chinese originally thought that their week was ten days in length and that every day only one Sun would venture into the sky above. As time went on, more than one Sun would appear each day, creating an unbearable heat. They asked their Suns to rotate their order once again so only one would appear each day. The Suns refused to change their new found ways, so the Chinese believed that the father of the ten Suns issued the archer, Yi, to punish the rogue Suns and put them back into order. Yi ended up killing all but one of the Suns, which is the one we still today.
The Eskimos of Greenland still worship their own ancient Sun God, Malina. It was believed Malina and her brother, the Moon God, Anningan once lived peacefully together until one day when they had an argument and Malina covered her brother's face with filthy black grease. This started an ongoing chase where upon Malina took to the skies for safety and became the Sun. Her brother, still chasing her, became the Moon in order to catch her, which proved to be the one thing that never will.